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Omega 3 and Platelet Function in Non-insulin Dependant Diabetes mellitus
In the Diabetes Unit of the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, study 002114 took place, lead by A. Axelrod. The results from this study were published in January of 1994, in the Diabetes Care journal.
This study was designed to show the effects of a low dose of omega-3 fatty acids on platelet function and other cardiovascular risk factors in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). This was a randomized, prospective, double blind, controlled study of a low dose of omega-3 fatty acids (2.5 g/day) in 20 ambulatory subjects with NIDDM. Each subject ingested five 1-g fish oil capsules each containing 0.5 g omega-3 fatty acids or five 1-g safflower (the control/placebo) oil capsules per day for 6 weeks followed by a 6-week washout period. The results of the study were that nine subjects finished the study in each group.
Both groups showed some control of glucose levels; modest elevations in baseline total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) levels; and average blood pressure values. In the fish oil group, plasma omega-3 fatty acid levels increased greatly. The Fish oil significantly reduced the slope of the dose-response curves for collagen-induced platelet aggregation to one-third the value observed with safflower oil. Patients with high initial collagen-induced platelet TXA2 production showed a significantly larger drop after fish oil than safflower oil.
Fish oil significantly reduced TG levels by 44 mg/dl and decreased upright systolic blood pressure (sBP) by 8 mmHg compared with safflower oil. Fish oil caused a significant but small increase in HbA1c (0.56%) and total cholesterol (20 mg/dl) but had no effect on fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or LDL-cholesterol levels.
The researchers had a final conclusion that small doses of fish oil inhibit platelet aggregation and TXA2 production, reduce upright sBP and TG levels, and have only a small effect on glucose and cholesterol levels in patients with moderately controlled NIDDM. Small quantities of omega-3 fatty acids or dietary fish are safe and potentially beneficial in NIDDM patients.
Omega 3 Influence on Plasma Lipoproteins in Non-diabetic Humans
Principal investigator Borkman lead a team of researchers in a study that was published in the 1989 Diabetes Care journal. This study took place at the Garvan Institute of Medical Research St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney New South Wales, Australia. What started this research was fish oils, containing omega-3 fatty acids (omega 3FAs), favorably influence plasma lipoproteins in non-diabetic humans and prevent the development of insulin resistance induced by fat feeding in rats. They set off to prove that this was also the case in human subjects.
The group of patients studied was 10 subjects (aged 42-65 yr) with mild non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Subjects during the study were fed a standard diabetic diet plus 1) no supplementation (baseline), 2) 10 g fish oil concentrate (30% omega 3FAs) daily, and 3) 10 g safflower oil daily over separate 3-wk periods, the latter two supplements being given in random order by use of a double-blind crossover design.
At the end of eat diet period fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, and lipids were measured, and insulin sensitivity was assessed with a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp performed with [3-3H] glucose. FBG increased 14% during fish oil and 11% during safflower oil supplementation compared with baseline (P less than .05), whereas body weight, fasting serum insulin levels, and insulin sensitivity were unchanged. There was no significant change in fasting plasma total, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.
In conclusion dietary fish oil supplementation adversely affected glycemic control in NIDDM subjects without producing significant beneficial effects on plasma lipids. The effect of safflower oil supplementation was not significantly different from fish oil, suggesting that the negative effects on glucose metabolism may be related to the extra energy or fat intake.
Omega 3 fish oils Pure EPA is available exclusively from mind 1st.
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